Long-term Effects of European Colonization on Africa Essay

Africa has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. Countries wanted land so they could harvest the resources, increase trade, and gain power. The European colonization of Africa brought racism, civil unrest, and insatiable greed; all of which have had lasting impacts on Africa. Along with the power of†¦show more content†¦The Natives Land Act passed in 1913, barred whites and Africans from owning land in the same area. Africans, who made up two-thirds of the population, were given only 7.5 percent of the land while whites, who were the mino rity, were given the majority (92.5 percent) of the land to own (The Kwaito Generation, 2010). Apartheid, which means separateness, was officially declared in 1948 even though separateness had been happening all along. The racial atrocities continued into the 1950’s as facilities became segregated under the Reservation of Separate Amenities. Most of the time, the segregated facilities were sub-standard. August of 2005 brought about the â€Å"official† end of apartheid’s separateness. However, the practice of racism has been hard to change. Stereotypes still exist while Africans strive for equality after centuries of oppression. In April 2010, police had to use barbed wire to separate Africans and whites outside of a courthouse in South Africa that were rioting as two murderers appeared for the first time in public. These murderers were accused of murdering an extremely conservative, white supremacist leader over a wage dispute. Ironically, the slain leader, Euge ne Terreblanche, had been convicted of attempted murder and served only three years and fours months for the charge in 1996. Racial tensions remain very high as whites learn to overcome the prejudicial tendencies that have been imprinted within them. The colonization of Africa started a disastrousShow MoreRelatedEuropean Nations And The Colonization Of Africa1492 Words   |  6 PagesAs we know so far, Africa has a long history of being faced with Conquest, Colonization, and Military Invasions from Europe since the early 1970’s and up to the 1900’s. Many were standing against the idea of being captured or colonized by these Europeans leaders and countries. The only two countries that have not been touched or colonized by Europe is Ethiopia and Liberia, unfortunately (Fortunately). Most of the Africa’s countries has been touched by European conquerors. There are three main factorsRead MoreEuropean Colonialism: Civilizations Ruined1491 Words   |  6 PagesEuropean Colonialism has been around since the late 15th century and their model for colonialism will exist for many years to come. Colonization could be considered to start as far back as the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. However, this colonization model was not near as deadly as the European model (Louis). The ancient civilizations educated, advanced, and motivated their colonies to succeed. The European model falls far short of the standard set in past years. This model forRead MoreAmerican Society And Ugandan Society1379 Words   |  6 Pagessacrifices them. For children in Uganda, the story is quite different; they are exploited, abused, and viewed as burdens. The adverse effects of military occupation in Uganda can be traced back to the beginning of colonization. European countries like Britain, Belgium, and France all rushed into Africa at the end of the 19th Century trying to get their slice of Africa. Some nations were worse than others, but the two common themes that tied African imperialism together were racism and exploitationRead MoreImperialism in the 19th century1746 Words   |  7 Pagesextends its rule over another. Imperialism had a substantial effect on the 19th century throughout the entire world by bringing upon changes to many different countries, for better and for worse, especially to Africa. Prior to the nineteenth century, westerners did interfere with many of the affairs of nations outside of their boarders, so signs of imperialism are shown many times throughout history. Examples of this would be the European colonies in the Americas and also influence in Asia. WheneverRead MoreAbstract. The Research Examines The Social, Economic And1704 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical effect of colonialism in West Africa. A critical view of the activities carried in the study to explain the social, economic and political effect of colonialism, and a qualitative of the growth rate of the West Africa countries were examined. The study therefore concludes that colonialism greatly had an impact in the growth of the countries in the selected West Africa countries. 1.0 Introduction Our research study will focus more on the effect of colonialism in Western part Africa by examiningRead MorePost Colonialism Is Not A Reference Of Time Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesliterary theory that encompasses the global interactions of humans after colonization and imperialist rule dominated the world. The ultimate definition is still in the wakes of developing, so there is no box this particular word can smoothly fit into. This is a literary theory; it is a lens to take in order to understand the truthfulness of all perspectives in a story. A baseline of post colonialism lies in the definition of both terms. Colonialism states that people come to settle and establish politicalRead MoreHow Did Contact Between The European Arrivals And The Native Peoples Of The Americas Affect Both Groups?1545 Words   |  7 PagesDirections: Answers MUST be at least two paragraphs long (eight total sentences of information) and have at least 3-4 sentences of critical thought about the infor mation you present. How did contact between the European arrivals and the native peoples of the Americas affect both groups? Europeans brought to the Americas catastrophic diseases that killed millions and decimated native populations, who possessed no immunity to the illnesses. The Europeans also had deliberate policies of subjugation andRead MoreWestern Civilization And Its Impact On The Wider World860 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishing dominance around the globe. Another major source of this capability of powerful European nations to dominate the globe comes from the traditional nature of the regions they colonized. While Europe was developing strong governments and institutions, much of the rest of the world was still agricultural and had little to no development in terms of government. This is particularly true in Africa; the native people were loosely associated and couldn’t form strong nations or allyships to protectRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Moors1241 Words   |  5 Pagestimeframe, and somehow they overcame the abuse of the Moors. The reason Africa got to be persecuted is on account of they are self-mistreating. At the point when the frontier strengths from Europe withdrew intertribal fighting broke out, and it proceeds right up til the present time. On that line of thought, the slave brokers purchased slaves from blacks who had oppressed them. Bondage and mistreatment were found out by Europeans from the Moors and the African s themselves. One story of how a preacherRead MoreThe Effects of Westernization Essay example934 Words   |  4 PagesAsia, Africa, and Latin America have all been influenced by the transmission of Western cultural values through direct as well as indirect contact. By means of colonization Asia, Africa and Latin America were particularly affected as Western values were enforced upon the populations by colonial assault. During this era traditional cultural pursuits declined and stagnated in the face of Western conquests. The attitude is much the same now as it was then, â€Å"However disagreeable the â€Å"medicine† may

Interning With The Fist Judicial District Of Pennsylvania

Interning with the Fist Judicial District of Pennsylvania (FJD) has been a rewarding experience. I have been able to grow as an individual, personally, as well as professionally. I have improved my writing portfolio, by adding serious content and focusing on internal communications. Interning during the fall semester has been difficult at times; balancing an internship, full course load, and a job equals a lot of stress. Also, taking my capstone a semester early has added to a lot of pressure this semester. With all of my obligations, successfully managing my time has been extremely important. Now that it is the end of the semester, I am glad I took on many responsibilities this semester, because I was able to prove my hard work ethic to myself. My supervisor Gabriel Roberts, and his assistant Amanda De Maria, were great at getting me acclimated to working with the FJD. With little previous knowledge about the FJD, these two have helped me become more knowledgeable about the communication field, as well as the legal field. When I accepted the internship opportunity I didn’t know exactly what I was getting myself into. Gabe and Amanda aided me in my adjustment into the judicial world by being supportive and referring me to resources to expand my knowledge. In our small public relations office, we worked great as a team. Amanda and Gabe were wonderful at introducing me to office culture. City Hall’s office culture is different from many of the experiences I was used to.

Editorial Task for Australian Financial- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEditorial Taskfor Australian Financial Review. Answer: Eleven Head Office Involved in Wage Fraud Cover-up 7-Eleven, the largest convenience store chain of Australia, is now presenting itself as one of the biggest and worst cases of systematic wage abuse in the history of a corporate world, tweeted Adele Ferguson (www.afr.com, 2017). The only disturbing factor concerning the franchise chain is nothing, but the exploitation of workers that has been going for many years under everyones nose, said Wolter Peeters. However, Rod Clement has given clear explanation of the situation, Stating in this way. At this franchise chain, wage abuse would stand for about $ 10 million per year, but more specifically in the case of 7-Eleven most of the workers are students on visas and they are in thousands (Lim, Chae Jeon, 2014). These students are only allowed to work 20 hours a week, according to the visa condition and this make them more vulnerable to wage abuse. In the light of this situation, the fair work ombudsman has conducted three different raids and found in the past six years that the situation is getting worse and the students are still facing wage fraud, getting under payment wage (Sivaraman Turner, 2016). However, in September 2014, it has been found that around 60% of the 20 7-Eleven stores had a payroll issues, which is double the records of 2011 issues. Contributing to this context, Senator Deborah ONeill at a Senate hearing made a clear statement that apart from conducting raids, there are more to be done, including reviewing of the regulatory structure and beefing up the chains power since the fair work and its effectiveness are under inspection on the account of wage abuse especially for workers on student visas (Smith, 2015). In addition to these, Fairfax Media and Four Corners had made a joint investigation on wage fraud practiced by around two-third of the chain stores and found that payroll of each month address massive payroll problems (Tonts, Plummer Argent, 2014). The joint media, based on its investigation had described the underpayment, falsification. They explained that after reviewing 83 stores between 13 October 2014 and 9 November 2014, and found around 47 stores had a payroll compliance issues, including falsification of payroll sheets and underpayment of wages. Moreover, the review between April 6 and May 3, around 55% of 97 stores shows payroll compliance issue (Fraser, 2016). With such disappointing practice of franchise stores, 7-Eleven expressed in a statement, stating that our franchise stores are not worthy of meeting their obligation, which is extremely disappointing for us and we are not going to entertain such action, instead we will take appropriate steps against it. 7-Eleven promised that they will make their franchise stores pay back the full wage if they are found not paying proper wages, but if still the stores do not follow the instruction, the head office will slap them with a breach notice in more egregious cases (Schaper, 2015). However, Australian Taxation Office reviewed that 7-Eleven has generated EBIT of $ 143 million in 2015 and accounted for the largest company by earnings than any other companies in Australia on ASX. Some franchise stores on the other hand in their favour commented that would it be right for us to pay correct wages, even though we are not making enough earnings to at least pay to the head office. However, the fair work ombudsman extremely condemned this excuse, claiming that some business make such excuses rashly without knowing proper employment system (Brittingham, 2014). Further he also explained that it is very important to bring shadowy aspect of labour market into the light, before the control of the regulators and politicians go out of our hand. Editorial 2: The Australian Newspaper Dated: 02-09-2015 Article: The buck stops with us: 7-Eleven The article in The Australian has shown different perspective of the 7-Eleven case. Russ Withers, the chairman of 7-Eleven commented that the bottom line is, we are responsible for whatever had happened, it happened on our watch. The chairman of the convenience store chain explained the situation with disappointment, where according to him, significant underpayment of wage practice and payroll issue practice were conducted under the watch of management and head office (www.theaustralian.com.au, 2017). However, Russ made a promise to the head office on behalf of all the franchise store chain to its head office, that the franchise store chain is ready to pay any underpaid wages balance. Mr Russ, however, made this comment under the wake of Fairfax and Four Corners media report, where it is specifically mentioned, majority of the store chain business are still underpaying wages to the workers. Mr Russ Withers presented his view of the issue, by saying that it is quite easy for us to blame the franchisees for their responsibility of recruiting employees or workers (Lim, Chae Jeon, 2014). Hence, it is no good to say that it is solely the problem of franchisee and not mine. However, the bottom line is we are responsible for whatever had happened, it happened on our watch. In fact, the former chairman Alan Fels, with his view to the companys franchise model, tweeted that we had started with zero and now operating as 620 stores in Australia for 38 years and we still believe the underpayment of wages to the workers is relatively small. Hence, whatever the majority of franchisees are doing, they are doing the right thing, at least according to me (Manton, 2014). In this context, Mr Russ also said, this is embarrassing for us, that even though the franchisee stores are involved in such practice and the head office also aware of it, still the head office is not trying to make any mass cover-up yet. In this aspect as well, the joint media, based on its investigation had described the underpayment, falsification (www.afr.com, 2017). They explained that after reviewing 83 stores between 13 October 2014 and 9 November 2014, and found around 47 stores had a payroll compliance issues, including falsification of payroll sheets and underpayment of wages (Kavanagh McRae, 2017). The fair work ombudsman also forced one owner of store in Melbourne to deliberately admit the short-changing their staff by $10,000 and doctoring employment records to cut costs. However, based on the investigation by Australian Taxation Office, the ATO members reviewed that 7-Eleven has generated EBIT of $ 143 million in 2015 and accounted for the largest company by earnings than any other companies in Australia on ASX (Tonts, Plummer Argent, 2014). Thus, in both the articles the articles, it has been found that it is very important to bring shadowy aspect of labour market into the light, before the control of the regulators and politicians go out of our hand. Moreover, Mr Russ Withers, the chairman of 7-Eleven commented that the bottom line is, we are responsible for whatever had happened, it happened on our watch (Sivaraman Turner, 2016). In addition to these, he also made a promise to the head office on behalf of all the franchise store chain to its head office, that the franchise store chain is ready to pay any underpaid wages balance (Li Whitworth, 2016). References 7-Eleven: Wage abuse claims puts scrutiny on Fair Work response. (2017).Financial Review. Retrieved on 16 May 2017, from https://www.afr.com/business/retail/fmcg/7eleven-wage-abuse-claims-puts-scrutiny-on-fair-work-response-20150830-gjavxh Baxendale, R., Baxendale, R. (2017).The buck stops with us: 7-Eleven.Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/the-buck-stops-with-us-says-7eleven-chairman-russ-withers/news-story/c446f2f834f4b72748c630a0944ec6b4 Brittingham, M. (2014). History of the WET and the WET producer rebate.Wine Viticulture Journal,29(1), 66. Fraser, M. (2016). Investigating 7-Eleven: Who are the real bad guys?.Griffith Journal of Law Human Dignity,4(2). Kavanagh, M., McRae, E. (2017). Employment law: Protecting vulnerable workers amendment to fair work act.Governance Directions,69(4), 241. Li, Y. T., Whitworth, K. (2016). When the State Becomes Part of the Exploitation: Migrants Agency within the Institutional Constraints in Australia.International Migration,54(6), 138-150. Lim, S., Chae, H., Jeon, H. (2014). The Effect of Experience Marketing on Brand Attitude and Brand Loyalty of Beauty Salon Franchise Stores.Fashion business,18(5), 42-55. Manton, E. (2014). The diverse drivers of relative changes in excise taxes on beer and spirits in Australia, 19022012.Drugs: education, prevention and policy,21(3), 197-204. Schaper, M. T. (2015). Invited policy paper: Competing in the online marketplace: Contemporary issues for SMEs and their regulators.Small Enterprise Research,22(1), 69-78. Sivaraman, G., Turner, P. (2016). The 7-Eleven wages scandal: The need for law reform.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), 53. Smith, K. (2015). Unite calls for amnesty for 7-Eleven workers.Green Left Weekly, (1069), 3. Tonts, M., Plummer, P., Argent, N. (2014). Path dependence, resilience and the evolution of new rural economies: Perspectives from rural Western Australia.Journal of Rural Studies,36, 362-375.

Plato`s Theory Of Knowledge Essays - Philosophy, Platonism

Plato`s Theory Of Knowledge Plato's Theory of Knowledge is very interesting. He expresses this theory with three approaches: his allegory of The Cave, his metaphor of the Divided Line and his doctrine The Forms. Each theory is interconnected; one could not be without the other. Here we will explore how one relates to the other. In The Cave, Plato describes a vision of shackled prisoners seated in a dark cave facing the wall. Chained also by their necks, the prisoners can only look forward and see only shadows, These shadows are produced by men, with shapes of objects or men, walking in front of a fire behind the prisoners. Plato states that for the prisoners, reality is only the mere shadows thrown onto the wall. Another vision is releasing a prisoner from his chains, how his movements are difficult, his eye adjustment painful and suggestions of the effects of returning to the cave. The Cave suggests to us that Plato saw most of humanity living in "the cave", in the dark, and that the vision of knowledge and the "conversion" to that knowledge was salvation from darkness. He put it this way, "the conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the soul's eye, which already has it, but to insure that, insisted of looking in the wrong direction it is turned the way it ought to be." Plato's two worlds: the dark, the cave, and the bright were his way of rejecting the Sophists, who found "true knowledge" impossible because of constant change. Plato believed there was a " true Idea of Justice". The Cave showed us this quite dramatically. The Divided Line visualizes the levels of knowledge in a more systematic way. Plato states there are four stages of knowledge development: Imagining, Belief, Thinking, and Perfect Intelligence. Imagining is at the lowest level of this developmental ladder. Imagining, here in Plato's world, is not taken at its conventional level but of appearances seen as "true reality". Plato considered shadows, art and poetry, especially rhetoric, deceptive illusions, what you see is not necessarily what you get. With poetry and rhetoric you may be able to read the words but you may not understand the "real" meaning. For example, take, again, the shadow. If you know a shadow is something "real" then you are beyond the state of imagination which implies that a person is "unaware of observation and amounts to illusion and ignorance". Belief is the next stage of developing knowledge. Plato goes with the idea that seeing really is not always believing we have a strong conviction for what we see but not with absolute certainty. This stage is more advanced than imagining because it's based more firmly on reality. But just because we can actually see the object and not just it's shadow doesn't mean we know all there is to know about the object. In the next stage, Thinking, we leave the "visible world" and move into the "intelligible world" which, Plato claims, is seen mostly in scientists. It stands for the power of the mind to take properties from a visible object and applying them. Thinking is the "visible" object but also the hypotheses, "A truth which is taken as self-evident but which depends upon some higher truth". Plato wants us to see all things as they really are so we can see that all is inter-connected. But thinking still doesn't give us all the information we crave and we still ask "why?" For Plato the last stage of developing knowledge, Perfect Intelligence, represents "the mind as it completely releases from sensible objects" and is directly related to his doctrine of Forms. In this stage, hypotheses is no longer present because of its limitations. Plato summarized the Divided Line with "now you may take, a corresponding to the four sections, these four states of mind, intelligence for the highest, thinking for the second, belief for the third and for the last imagining. These you may arrange in terms as the terms in a proportion, assigning to each a degree of clearness and certainty corresponding to the measure in which their object pose a reality". When discussing the Divided Line, The Forms are the highest levels of "reality". Plato concludes here that the "real world" is not what we see but what we understand or feel in a "intelligible world" because it is made up of eternal Forms. The Forms take on the explanation of existence. They are "changeless, eternal, and nonmaterial essences or patterns of which the actual visible objects we